Model railways are one of the most popular types of scale model. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Globally, the two dominating standard organizations are NMRA in North America and MOROP in Europe with its NEM standard. The majority of commercial model railway equipment manufacturers base their offerings on NEM or NMRA standards in most popular scales. Worldwide the most popular scales are HO, N, O, G, TT and Z. In addition to these, there are several less well known scales, significant in their own speciality areas such as live steam garden railroading.
The terms scale and gauge are often erroneously confused, but there is an important difference. Scale means the ratio between a unit of measurement on a model compared with a unit of measurement in corresponding full size prototype, while gauge is the distance between the two running rails of the track. About 60% of the world's railways have a track gauge of 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm) known as "standard gauge", but there are also narrow gauge railways where the track gauge is less than standard and broad gauge railways where the gauge is wider. In a similar manner, a scale model railway may have several track gauges in one scale.
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